90              Common Mouse, Male, Female, Young


                              MUS MUSCULUS.--Linn.
                                 [Mus musculus]

                                 COMMON MOUSE.
                                 [House mouse]

                      PLATE XC.--Male, Female, and Young.


     M. Corpore fusco; subtus ciner ascenti.
                               CHARACTERS.

     Dusky gray above, cinereous beneath.


                                   SYNONYMES.

     MUS MUSCULUS.  Linn., 12 Ed., p. 83.
     MOUSE.  Pennant, Arct. Zool. vol. 1, p. 131.
     MUS MUSCULUS.  Say, Long's Expedition, vol. 1, p. 262.
     MUS MUSCULUS.  Harlan, p. 149.
     MUS MUSCULUS.  Godman, vol. 2, p. 84.


                                  DESCRIPTION.

     The Common Mouse is more generally and familiarly known than any other
species, and therefore requires no very minute description.  It is small in
size; head, elongated; nose, sharp; ears, large, erect, ovate, and nearly naked
on both surfaces; legs, slender; nails, sharp, slightly hooked; tail, round,
nearly as long as the body, scaly, and slightly covered with short hair.


                                    COLOUR.

     Eyes, black; incisors, yellowish; whiskers, mostly black; fur on the back,
plumbeous at the roots, slightly tipped with brownish, giving it a dusky grayish
colour; ears a shade lighter; under surface, and beneath the tail, obscure
ash-colour.
     There are some varieties:--very rarely one is found black, others spotted
white and black; one variety is an albino, white with red eyes, breeds in
confinement, and produces young with white colour, and the red eyes of the
parents.


                                  DIMENSIONS.

                                                       Inches.

    Length of head and body  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  3 1/4
    Length of Tail  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  3 1/8
    Height of ear.  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  4 1/10


                                    HABITS.

     We have attempted to shew a portion of a shelf in a pantry, on which stands
a china jar, with its indigo-blue peaked mountains, its fantastic trees and its
(take them altogether) rather remarkable landscapes, reminding us more of the
sweetmeats it contains than of aught in the way of nature; and we have also
portrayed a plate, with a piece of hard old cheese in it, on which a Mouse is
standing in the act of listening, while another in the plate, and two more on
the shelf, likewise appear a little startled, and expecting to be disturbed ere
they can make their intended meal; the little rascals have reason to fear, for
the careful housekeeper has heard them of late, squealing in their squabblings
with each other, has found the marks of their teeth on the bread and butter, and
is determined to get rid of them instanter, if possible; she is calling now to
her faithful pussy cat, and inquiring for the trap.
     But although the thievish Mouse is often frightened, and may be said to eat
his dinner with "a cat" over his head, although he is assailed with pokers,
broomsticks, &c., whenever he unluckily runs across the floor, and in fact is
killed as often as his death can be compassed by the ingenuity of man, or the
cunning and quickness of his ally the cat, the Mouse will not retire from the
house, and even where the supply of food for him is small, or in rooms that have
long been shut up, he may be found; and would he let our drawings and books
alone, we should willingly allow him the crumbs from our table; but he will
sometimes gnaw into shreds valuable papers, to make a bed behind some bureau or
old chest.  He in his turn frightens man at times, and should the hard-hearted
hoarding wretch who has made gold his God, while with aged, trembling hands,
locked in his inmost chamber, he counts his money-bags, but hear a little Mouse;
what a feeling of terror shoots through his frame; despair seems for an instant
to be written on his face, and he clutches convulsively the metal to which he is
a slave; another moment, and he recovers, but he is still agitated, and hastily
secures with locks and bolts the treasure which is to him more precious than the
endearments of a wife, the love of children, the delights of friendship and
society, the blessings and prayers of the poor, or the common wants of humanity
in his own person.
     Many a young lady will scream at sight of a poor little Mouse, and many a
brave young man might be startled in the stillness of the night by the noise
made by this diminutive creature, especially if given to the reading of the
"Mysteries of Udolpho" or the "Castle of Otranto," late in the hours of
darkness, alone in a large old lumbering house.
     The Common Mouse is a graceful, lively little animal--it is almost
omnivorous, and is a great feeder, although able to live on but little food if
the supply is scanty.  This species has from four to ten young at a litter, and
the female suckles her young with tender care.  When first born, they are very
small, almost naked, and of a pinkish colour.  The Mouse has several litters
every year.  We kept a pair in confinement, which produced four times, having
from four to nine in each litter.  Dr. GODMAN quotes Aristotle, who says that "a
pregnant female being shut up in a chest of grain; in a short time a hundred and
twenty individuals were counted."
     On examining our corn-crib in the spring, and cleaning it out; although it
was constructed with a special view to keep off rats and vermin, being on posts,
and the floor raised from the ground some three feet, with boards outside
inclining downwards all round, we found and killed nearly fifty Mice.  A basket
in the crib, hanging by a rope from a cross-beam, in which we had put some
choice corn for seed, had been entered by them, and every grain of corn in it
devoured.  We found in the basket nothing but husks, and the remains of a
Mouse's nest.  The animal must therefore have climbed up to the roof of the
crib, and then descended the cord by which the basket of corn was suspended.
     The activity, agility, and grace of the Mouse, have made it a favourite pet
with the prisoner in his solitary cell, and it has been known to answer his
call, and come out of its hiding places to play with the unfortunate captive,
showing the greatest fondness for him, and eating out of his hand without fear.
     Of late years, white Mice have been in request in London, where they are
taught various tricks, and are exhibited by boys in the streets.  It is stated
that in order to increase the number of this variety, persons exclude them from
the light, this they pretend causes a great many of them to be born albinos.  We
are however satisfied from personal experience that a pair of albinos,
accidentally produced, would continue to propagate varieties of the same colour
without the aid of darkness:  as is the case in the albino variety of the
English rabbit.


                           GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.

     The Common Mouse is not a native of America, but exists in all countries
where ships have landed cargo, and may be said to tread closely on the heels of
commerce.  It was brought to America in the vessels that conveyed to our shores
the early emigrants.